{"id":198,"date":"2014-11-28T09:33:23","date_gmt":"2014-11-28T01:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tienkang.space\/?p=198"},"modified":"2025-10-31T18:12:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T10:12:31","slug":"%e4%b8%89%e5%a4%a7%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7grep%e3%80%81sed%e5%8f%8aawk%e7%9a%84%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tienkang.space\/?p=198","title":{"rendered":"\u4e09\u5927\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177grep\u3001sed\u53caawk\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u539f\u521b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u65f6\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u4ee5\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u5f62\u5f0f\u6807\u660e\u6587\u7ae0 \u539f\u59cb\u51fa\u5904<\/a> \u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u672c\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u8ffd\u7a76\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002http:\/\/lq2419.blog.51cto.com\/1365130\/1238880<\/a><\/div>\n
\n
\n

grep\u3001sed\u548cawk\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5355\u5374\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0csed\u548cawk\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e14\u5df2\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

grep\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528grep\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\uff1b<\/p>\n
sed\uff1aStream EDitor\uff0c\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u539f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sed\uff1b
\nawk\uff1a\u62a5\u544a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u62a5\u544a\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6309\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
grep<\/div>\n
grep<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u521d\u7528\u4e8eUnix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u540e\uff0cgrep\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\uff08\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff09\u7684\u884c\u6216\u6587\u672c\u3002Unix\u7684grep\u5bb6\u65cf\u5305\u62ecgrep\u3001egrep\u548cfgrep\u3002<\/p>\n
egrep\u548cfgrep\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u8ddfgrep\u6709\u5f88\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002egrep\u662fgrep\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684re\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cfgrep\u5c31\u662ffixed grep\u6216fast grep\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u56de\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7279\u6b8a\u3002linux\u4f7f\u7528GNU\u7248\u672c\u7684grep\u3002\u5b83\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7-E\u3001-F\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u6765\u4f7f\u7528egrep\u548cfgrep\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/div>\n
grep\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u677f\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/div>\n
grep\u53ef\u7528\u4e8eshell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3agrep\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u677f\u641c\u7d22\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

grep\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\nPattern\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\ngrep [options] PATTERN [FILE…]
\n-i\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199
\n–color\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u989c\u8272\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7ea2\u8272
\n-v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c
\n-o\uff1a\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u884c
\n-E\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f
\n-A n\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u540en\u884c
\n-B n\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u524dn\u884c
\n-C n\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u540e\u5404n\u884c
\n\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1aREGular EXPression\uff0cREGEXP
\n\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a
\n.\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
\n[]\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
\n[^]\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
\n\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u548c\uff1a[:digit:]\uff0c[:lower:]\uff0c[:upper:]\uff0c[:punct:]\uff0c[:space:]\uff0c[:alpha:]\uff0c[:alnum:]
\n\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0a\u8fb9\uff1a\u6570\u5b57 \u00a0\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u5339\u914d\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u8d2a\u5a6a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff09\uff1a
\n*\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4efb\u610f\u6b21
\n\u5982\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6abc\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\uff1aa,b,ab,aab,acb,adb,amnb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528grep\u5339\u914da*b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n
\u4ece\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u50cfacb\u3001adb\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u663e\u793a\u7684\u989c\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b57\u7b26b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5b57\u7b26a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u65f6a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0eb\u4e00\u8d77\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ec5\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26b\uff1b\u800c\u50cfab\u3001aab\u7b49\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6a\u7d27\u6328\u7740b\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

.*\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5982\uff1a\u5339\u914d.b\u548c.*b\uff0c\u770b\u4e8c\u8005\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

\\\uff1f\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b261\u6b21\u62160\u6b21<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5982\uff1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5339\u914da\\?b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

\\{m,n\\}\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c11m\u6b21\uff0c\u81f3\u591an\u6b21<\/p>\n

\\{1,\\}\uff1a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21
\n\\{0,3\\}\uff1a\u6700\u591a\u4e09\u6b21<\/p>\n

\u4f4d\u7f6e\u951a\u5b9a\uff1a
\n^\uff1a\u951a\u5b9a\u884c\u9996\uff0c\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u884c\u9996
\n$\uff1a\u951a\u5b9a\u884c\u5c3e\uff0c\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u884c\u5c3e
\n^$\uff1a\u7a7a\u767d\u884c
\n\\<\u6216\\b\uff1a\u951a\u5b9a\u8bcd\u9996\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u8bcd\u9996\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0
\n\\>\u6216\\b\uff1a\u951a\u5b9a\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u8bcd\u5c3e\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u5982\uff1a\\<root\\>\uff1a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u628aroot\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8bcd\u9996\u8bcd\u5c3e\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5982\uff1amroot\u3001rooter\u5747\u5c06\u4e0d\u5339\u914d
\n\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u951a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

\u5206\u7ec4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\(\\)
\n\u5982\uff1a \\(ab\\)*:ab\u6574\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e14\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6b21
\n\\(ab\\)\\{1,\\}\uff1aab\u6574\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e14\u5339\u914d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \\(ab\\)\uff1aab\u6574\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26<\/div>\n
\n\u540e\u5411\u5f15\u7528
\n\\1\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9
\n\\2\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9
\n\\3\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9
\n……
\n\u5982\uff1a<\/div>\n
\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6test1\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\nHe love his lover.
\nShe like her liker.
\nHe love his liker.
\nShe like her lover.
\nHe like her.
\nShe love he.<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
vim test1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
He love his lover.<\/code><\/div>\n
She like her liker.<\/code><\/div>\n
He love his liker.<\/code><\/div>\n
She like her lover.<\/code><\/div>\n
He like her.<\/code><\/div>\n
She love he.<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># grep '\\(l..e\\).*\\1' test1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5339\u914d\u524d\u8fb9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n
He love his lover.<\/code><\/div>\n
She like her liker.<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># grep 'l..e' test1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/code><\/div>\n
He love his lover.<\/code><\/div>\n
She like her liker.<\/code><\/div>\n
He love his liker.<\/code><\/div>\n
She like her lover.<\/code><\/div>\n
He like her.<\/code><\/div>\n
She love he.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

grep\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n
18<\/div>\n
19<\/div>\n
20<\/div>\n
21<\/div>\n
22<\/div>\n
23<\/div>\n
24<\/div>\n
25<\/div>\n
26<\/div>\n
27<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
1\u3001\u663e\u793a<\/code>\/proc\/meminfo<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u7684s\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> -i <\/code>'^s'<\/code> \/proc\/meminfo<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6216\u8005<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '^[sS]'<\/code> \/proc\/meminfo<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0 #[]\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/code><\/div>\n
2\u3001\u663e\u793a<\/code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u4e2d\u4ee5nologin\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c;<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> 'nologin$'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\u6269\u5c55\u4e00\uff1a\u53d6\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u4e3a<\/code>\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '\/sbin\/nologin'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code> | <\/code>cut<\/code> -d: -f1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6216\u8005<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '\/sbin\/nologin'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code> | <\/code>awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'{print $1}'<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<\/code>awk<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'$7 ~ \/nologin\/{print $1}'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\u6269\u5c55\u4e8c\uff1a\u53d6\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u4e3a<\/code>bash<\/code>\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u7528\u6237ID\u53f7\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> 'bash$'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code> | <\/code>sort<\/code> -n -t: -k3 | <\/code>head<\/code> -1 | <\/code>cut<\/code> -d: -f1\u00a0\u00a0 \u6216\u8005<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'$7 ~ \/bash\/{print $3,$1}'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code> | <\/code>sort<\/code> -n | <\/code>head<\/code> -1 | <\/code>awk<\/code> '{print $2}'<\/code><\/div>\n
3\u3001\u663e\u793a<\/code>\/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u4e2d\u4ee5<\/code>#\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4e14\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u53c8\u8ddf\u4e86\u4efb\u610f\u975e\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '^#[[:space:]]\\{1,\\}[^[:space:]]'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
4\u3001\u663e\u793a<\/code>\/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86:\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57:(\u5373\u4e24\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57)\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> ':[0-9]:'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
5\u3001\u663e\u793a<\/code>\/boot\/grub\/grub<\/code>.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '^[[:space:]]\\{1,\\}'<\/code> \/boot\/grub\/grub<\/code>.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
6\u3001\u663e\u793a<\/code>\/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5f00\u5934\u6570\u5b57\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '\\(^[0-9]\\).*\\1$'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5728RHEL5.8\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u6548\u679c<\/code><\/div>\n
7\u3001\u627e\u51fa\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c1\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u62162\u4f4d\u6570\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '\\<[[:digit:]][[:digit:]]\\?\\>'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u00a0 \u6216\u8005<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '\\<[0-9]\\{1,2\\}\\>'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
8\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u540d\u5b57\u4e3astudent(\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u884c\u9996)\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f, \u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a<\/code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '^student:'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684ID\u53f7\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>grep<\/code> '^student:'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code> | <\/code>cut<\/code> -d: -f3\u00a0 \u6216\u8005<\/code># id -u student<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u601d\u8003\u9898\uff1a\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u672c\u5730\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u4eab\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
ifconfig<\/code> eth0|<\/code>grep<\/code> -oE <\/code>'([0-9]{1,3}\\.?){4}'<\/code>|<\/code>head<\/code> -n 1<\/code><\/div>\n
ifconfig<\/code> eth0|<\/code>awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'\/inet addr\/{split($2,a,\" \");print a[1];exit}'<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86awk\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u61c2\u53ef\u5728\u770b\u5b8cawk\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u540e\u518d\u6765\u505a\u6b64\u9898<\/code><\/div>\n
ifconfig<\/code> |<\/code>grep<\/code> \"inet addr\"<\/code>|<\/code>grep<\/code> -<\/code>v<\/code> \"127.0.0.1\"<\/code> |<\/code>awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'{print $2}'<\/code> |<\/code>awk<\/code> '{print $1}'<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

sed
\nsed<\/strong>\uff08\u610f\u4e3a\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u82f1\u8bed\u201cstream editor<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u662fUnix\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002sed \u7528\u6765\u628a\u6587\u6863\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002sed \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002sed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7ebf\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff08pattern space\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u7528sed\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9001\u5f80\u5c4f\u5e55\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b58\u50a8\u8f93\u51fa\u3002Sed\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7b80\u5316\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u7f16\u5199\u8f6c\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\nsed ‘AddressCommand’ file …
\n-n\uff1a\u9759\u9ed8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\n-i\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6587\u4ef6
\n-e SCRIPT -e SCRIPT\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u811a\u672c\u5230\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u811a\u672c
\n-f \/PATH\/TO\/SED_SCORIPT\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d
\n#sed -f \/path\/to\/script file
\n-r\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n

Address:
\n1\u3001StartLine,EndLine\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u884c\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u884c
\n\u5982\uff1a1,100:\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u7b2c1\u884c\u5230\u7b2c100\u884c
\n$\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c
\n2\u3001\/RegExp\/\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f
\n\u5982\uff1a\/^root\/
\n3\u3001\/pattern1\/,\/pattern2\/\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88abpattern1\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88abpattern2\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c
\n4\u3001LIneNumber\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c
\n5\u3001StartLIne\uff0c+N\uff1a\u4eceStartLine\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5411\u540e\u7684N\u884c<\/p>\n

Command:
\nd\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\uff1b
\np\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528-n\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u904d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3ased\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u4f1a\u628a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa
\na \\string\uff1a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u540e\u9762\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b0\u884c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201cstring\u201d,
\n\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u884c\u6216\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u540e\u52a0\\n\u8fdb\u884c\u6362\u884c
\ni \\string\uff1a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u524d\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u884c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3astring
\nr file\uff1a\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
\nw file\uff1a\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u884c\u53e6\u5b58\u81f3\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
\ns\/pattern\/string\/\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u66ff\u6362\u6bcf\u884c\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26
\ng\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\uff1as\/pattern\/string\/g
\ni\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5982\uff1as\/pattern\/string\/i
\ns\/\/\/,s###,s@@@\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u4e49
\n\\(\\),\\1,\\2\uff1a\u6210\u7ec4\u5339\u914d\uff0c\\1\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u2018(\u2019\uff0c\\2\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u2018(\u2019
\n&\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4e32<\/p><\/div>\n

\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u590d\u5236\/etc\/inittab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u7a0d\u52a0\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5220\u6389\u51e0\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\n
cp<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code> .\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u590d\u5236\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8eroot\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/code><\/div>\n
vim inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u53ef\u53c2\u770b\u4e0b\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u7247<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>#\u6b64\u5904\u662f\u4e00\u7a7a\u884c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c31\u5149\u7a7a\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u6389\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u52a0\u4e0a\u5907\u6ce8\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u7a7a\u4ea4\u884c\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u76f8\u540c<\/code><\/div>\n
# Individual runlevels are started by \/etc\/init\/rc.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>#\u6b64\u5904\u662f\u4e00\u7a7a\u884c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u770b\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u7247<\/code><\/div>\n
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
id<\/code>:3:initdefault:<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u7528\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u4fee\u8fc7\u7684inittab\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '1,3d' inittab\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
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\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '3,$d' inittab\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '\/run\/d' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u88abrun\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
id<\/code>:3:initdefault:<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '\/^#\/d' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c<\/code><\/div>\n
id<\/code>:3:initdefault:<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed -n '\/^\\\/\/p' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u4ee5\/\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '\/^#\/p' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5747\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u904d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3ased\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u4f1a\u628a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
# Individual runlevels are started by \/etc\/init\/rc.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
# Individual runlevels are started by \/etc\/init\/rc.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:<\/code><\/div>\n
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
id<\/code>:3:initdefault:<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed -n '\/^#\/p' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-n\u9009\u9879\u8868\u793a\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
# Individual runlevels are started by \/etc\/init\/rc.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6test\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a
\nWelcome to my linux!
\nThis is my world.
\nHow are you?<\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
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\n
\n
vim <\/code>test<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are you?<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '2r .\/test' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8868\u793a\u5c06test\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230inittab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5f80\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6dfb\u52a0<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u4e09\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are you?<\/code><\/div>\n
# Individual runlevels are started by \/etc\/init\/rc.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
id<\/code>:3:initdefault:<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed '1,2r .\/test' inittab\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8868\u793a\u5c06test\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230inittab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5206\u522b \u6dfb\u52a0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u540e\u8fb9<\/code><\/div>\n
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u4e09\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are you?<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u4e09\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are you?<\/code><\/div>\n
# Individual runlevels are started by \/etc\/init\/rc.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 1 - Single user mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 3 - Full multiuser mode<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 4 - unused<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 5 - X11<\/code><\/div>\n
#\u00a0\u00a0 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)<\/code><\/div>\n
#<\/code><\/div>\n
id<\/code>:3:initdefault:<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed 's\/linux\/LINUX\/g' test\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my LINUX!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u7684linux<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are you?<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed 's\/y.u\/&r\/g' test\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u540e\u52a0\u4e0ar\uff0c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u91c7\u7528\/<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are your?<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed 's@y.u@&r@g' test\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u610f\u4e49\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u91c7\u7528@<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are your?<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># sed 's#y.u#&r#g' test\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u610f\u4e49\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u91c7\u7528#<\/code><\/div>\n
Welcome to my linux!<\/code><\/div>\n
This is my world.<\/code><\/div>\n
How are your?<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

sed\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1b<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
1\u3001\u5220\u9664<\/code>\/etc\/grub<\/code>.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u884c\u9996\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u7b26\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code>\u00a0 -r <\/code>'s\/^[[:space:]]+\/\/'<\/code> \/etc\/grub<\/code>.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
2\u3001\u66ff\u6362<\/code>\/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u201c<\/code>id<\/code>:3:initdefault:\u201d\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a5\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code> 's\/\\(id:\\)[0-9]\\(:initdefault:\\)\/\\15\\2\/g'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
3\u3001\u5220\u9664<\/code>\/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code> '\/^$\/d'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
4\u3001\u5220\u9664<\/code>\/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f00\u5934\u7684<\/code>#\u53f7\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code> 's\/^#\/\/g'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
5\u3001\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f00\u5934\u7684<\/code>#\u53f7\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6c42#\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u7b26\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code> 's\/^#[[:space:]]\\{1,\\}\/\/g'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6216\u8005<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code>\u00a0 -r <\/code>'s\/^#[[:space:]]+\/\/g'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
6\u3001\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u9762\u8ddf<\/code>#\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u53ca#<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>sed<\/code> -r <\/code>'s\/^[[:space:]]+#\/\/g'<\/code> \/etc\/inittab<\/code><\/div>\n
7\u3001\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0;<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>echo<\/code> \"\/etc\/rc.d\/abc\/edu\/\"<\/code> | <\/code>sed<\/code> -r <\/code>'s@^(\/.*\/)[^\/]+\/?@\\1@g'<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u56e0sed\u652f\u6301\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c+\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c111\u6b21<\/code><\/div>\n
8\u3001\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1b<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>echo<\/code> \"\/etc\/rc.d\/abc\/edu\/\"<\/code> | <\/code>sed<\/code> -r <\/code>'s@^\/.*\/([^\/]+)\/?@\\1@g'<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/div>\n

awk<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0cLinux\u53caUnix\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u5f97\u81ea\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaAlfred Aho \u3001Peter Weinberger \u548c Brian Kernighan \u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002AWK\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6837\u5f0f\u88c5\u5165\u3001\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aAWK\u7684\u786e\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1aAWK\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u5df2\u5c06\u5b83\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6837\u5f0f\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6210\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cAWK\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662fgawk\uff0cgawk\u662fAWK\u7684GNU\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\n# awk [options] ‘script’ file1, file2, …
\n# awk [options] ‘PATTERN { action }’ file1, file2, …<\/p><\/div>\n

\nawk\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1aprint\u548cprintf
\n\u4e00\u3001print
\nprint\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\nprint item1, item2, …
\n\u8981\u70b9\uff1a
\n1\u3001\u5404\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u5219\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\uff1b
\n2\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u7684item\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5(\u5982$1)\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u6216awk\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1b\u6570\u503c\u4f1a\u5148\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u518d\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b
\n3\u3001print\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u7684item\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eprint $0, \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528print “”\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/code> 'BEGIN { print \"line one\\nline two\\nline three\" }'<\/code><\/div>\n
awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'{ print $1, $7 }'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1aawk -v FS=: '{print $1,$7}' \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

\u4e8c\u3001awk\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

2.1 awk\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u8bb0\u5f55\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a
\nFS: field separator\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b
\nRS: Record separator\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff1b
\nOFS: Output Filed Separator\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26
\nORS\uff1aOutput Row Separator\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26
\n\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
vim <\/code>test<\/code>.txt\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528<\/code><\/div>\n
welcome to redhat linux.<\/code><\/div>\n
how are you?<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{OFS=\"#\"} {print $1,$2}' test.txt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{OFS=\"#\"} {print $1,\"hello\",$2}' test.txt\u00a0\u00a0 #\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e0a\u8fb9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -v FS=:\u00a0 -v OFS=# '{print $1,$7}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4ee5:\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u4ee5#\u53f7\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e03\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u8d34\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code>#\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code>#\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code>#\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code>#\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code>#\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code>#\/bin\/sync<\/code><\/div>\n
shutdown<\/code>#\/sbin\/shutdown<\/code><\/div>\n
halt<\/code>#\/sbin\/halt<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 awk\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a
\nNR: The number of input records\uff0cawk\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u76ee\u4f1a\u628a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u8ba1\u6570\uff1b
\nNF\uff1aNumber of Field\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5
\nFNR: \u4e0eNR\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cFNR\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u6b63\u5904\u7406\u7684\u884c\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u88ab\u603b\u5171\u5904\u7406\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b
\nARGV: \u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u672c\u8eab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5982awk ‘{print $0}’ a.txt b.txt\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0cARGV[0]\u4fdd\u5b58awk\uff0cARGV[1]\u4fdd\u5b58a.txt\uff1b
\nARGC: awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff1b
\nFILENAME: awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b
\nENVIRON\uff1a\u5f53\u524dshell\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b
\n\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/code> 'BEGIN{print ENVIRON[\"PATH\"]}'<\/code><\/div>\n
awk<\/code> '{print $NF}'<\/code> test<\/code>.txt<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n
\n2.3 \u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf
\ngawk\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\u3002gawk\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0\u533a\u5206\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3.1 \u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8d4b\u503c\u53d8\u91cf
\n\u5728gawk\u4e2d\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{var=\"variable testing\";print var}'\u00a0\u00a0 #\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4e0b\u8fb9\u662f\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c<\/code><\/div>\n
variable testing<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.3.2 \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u53d8\u91cf
\ngawk\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u201c\u811a\u672c\u201d\u5916\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5199\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -v var=\"variable testing\" 'BEGIN{print var}'\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b<\/code><\/div>\n
variable testing<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e09\u3001printf
\nprintf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\nprintf format, item1, item2, …
\n\u8981\u70b9\uff1a
\n1\u3001\u5176\u4e0eprint\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\uff0cprintf\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b
\n2\u3001format\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2aitem\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b
\n3\u3001printf\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5370\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\\n\u6362\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

format\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u90fd\u4ee5%\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n%c: \u663e\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684ASCII\u7801\uff1b
\n%d, %i\uff1a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570\uff1b
\n%e, %E\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u6570\u6cd5\u663e\u793a\u6570\u503c\uff1b
\n%f: \u663e\u793a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1b
\n%g, %G: \u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u6570\u6cd5\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6216\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6570\u503c\uff1b
\n%s: \u663e\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b
\n%u: \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570\uff1b
\n%%: \u663e\u793a%\u81ea\u8eab\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\uff1a
\nN: \u663e\u793a\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff1b
\n-: \u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b
\n+\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u503c\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b
\n\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'{printf \"%-15s%i\\n\",$1,$3}'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4f7f\u7528printf\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e14\u5360\u752815\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u663e\u793a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

\u56db\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\nprint items > output-file
\nprint items >> output-file
\nprint items | command
\n\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff1a
\n\/dev\/stdin\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165
\n\/dev\/sdtout: \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa
\n\/dev\/stderr: \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa
\n\/dev\/fd\/N: \u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\/dev\/stdin\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\/dev\/fd\/0\uff1b
\n\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'{printf \"%-15s %i\\n\",$1,$3 > \"\/dev\/stderr\" }'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u516d\u3001awk\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a
\n6.1 \u7b97\u672f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a
\n-x\uff1a\u8d1f\u503c
\n+x\uff1a\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u503c\uff1b
\nx^y\uff1ax\u7684y\u6b21\u65b9
\nx**y: x\u7684y\u6b21\u65b9<\/p><\/div>\n

x*y\uff1a\u4e58\u6cd5
\nx\/y\uff1a\u9664\u6cd5
\nx+y\uff1a\u52a0\u6cd5
\nx-y\uff1a\u51cf\u6cd5
\nx%y\uff1a\u53d6\u4f59<\/p>\n

6.2 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a
\n\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7528\u5199\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{print \"A\" \"B\"}'\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u8fde\u63a5A\u548cB\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
AB<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

6.3 \u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a
\n=
\n+=
\n-=
\n*=
\n\/=
\n%=
\n^=
\n**=
\n++
\n—<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a=\u53f7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\/=\/\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\/[=]\/\u66ff\u4ee3\uff1b<\/p>\n

6.4 \u5e03\u5c14\u503c
\nawk\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u975e0\u503c\u6216\u975e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5c31\u4e3a\u5047\uff1b<\/p>\n

6.5 \u6bd4\u8f83\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a
\nx < y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if x is less than y.
\nx <= y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if x is less than or equal to y.
\nx > y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if x is greater than y.
\nx >= y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if x is greater than or equal to y.
\nx == y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if x is equal to y.
\nx != y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if x is not equal to y.
\nx ~ y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if the string x matches the regexp denoted by y. \u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32x\u88aby\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\uff1b
\nx !~ y \u00a0 \u00a0 True if the string x does not match the regexp denoted by y. \u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32x\u4e0d\u88aby\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\uff1b
\nsubscript in array \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 True if the array array has an element with the subscript subscript.<\/p>\n

\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '$1 ~ \/^root\/{print $1,$3,$4,$NF}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5root\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u5217\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
root 0 0 <\/code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '$3>=400{printf \"%-15s%-10i%s\\n\",$1,$3,$NF}' \/etc\/passwd #\u663e\u793aUID\u5927\u4e8e400\u7684\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

6.7 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u7b26\uff1a
\n&&
\n||<\/p>\n

6.8 \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a
\nselector?if-true-exp:if-false-exp<\/p>\n

6.9 \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff1a
\nfunction_name (para1,para2)<\/p>\n

\u4e03 awk\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a
\nawk ‘program’ input-file1 input-file2 …
\n\u5176\u4e2d\u7684program\u4e3a:
\npattern { action }
\npattern { action }
\n…<\/p>\n

7.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684pattern\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
\n1\u3001Regexp: \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\/regular expression\/
\n\u5982\uff1a<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '\/bash\/{print $0}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6709bash\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/div>\n
root:x:0:0:root:<\/code>\/root<\/code>:<\/code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n
nginx:x:496:493::<\/code>\/home\/nginx<\/code>:<\/code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n
mysql:x:495:492::<\/code>\/home\/mysql<\/code>:<\/code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n
wpuser:x:494:491::<\/code>\/home\/wpuser<\/code>:<\/code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n2\u3001expresssion\uff1a \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u975e0\u6216\u4e3a\u975e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\uff1a$1 ~ \/foo\/ \u6216 $1 == “lq2419″\uff0c\u7528\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26~(\u5339\u914d)\u548c~!(\u4e0d\u5339\u914d)\u3002
\n\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'$3>=500{printf \"%-15s%s\\n\",$1,$3}'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n
awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'$1 ~ \/root\/{print $1,$3}'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/code>awk<\/code> -F: <\/code>'$1==\"root\"{print $1,$3}'<\/code> \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n
\n3\u3001Ranges\uff1a \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5339\u914d\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3apat1,pat2<\/p>\n

4\u3001BEGIN\/END\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21
\n\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: 'BEGIN{print \"Username\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UID\"}$3>=400{printf \"%-15s%s\\n\",$1,$3}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4e0a\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6bd4\u8f83\u524d\u5148\u8f93\u51fausername\u548cUID\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9898\u5934\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8f93\u51faUID\u5927\u4e8e400\u7684\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217<\/code><\/div>\n
Username\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UID<\/code><\/div>\n
rtkit\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 499<\/code><\/div>\n
pulse\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 498<\/code><\/div>\n
saslauth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 497<\/code><\/div>\n
nfsnobody\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 65534<\/code><\/div>\n
nginx\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 496<\/code><\/div>\n
mysql\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 495<\/code><\/div>\n
wpuser\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 494<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u60f3\u8f93\u51fa\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5462\uff1f<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n
18<\/div>\n
19<\/div>\n
20<\/div>\n
21<\/div>\n
22<\/div>\n
23<\/div>\n
24<\/div>\n
25<\/div>\n
26<\/div>\n
27<\/div>\n
28<\/div>\n
29<\/div>\n
30<\/div>\n
31<\/div>\n
32<\/div>\n
33<\/div>\n
34<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
\u6709\u4e09\u4e2d\u65b9\u5f0f\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code>#\u00a0 awk -v FS=: '{print $1}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4f7f\u7528-v\u9009\u9879\u548cFS\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code><\/div>\n
shutdown<\/code><\/div>\n
halt<\/code><\/div>\n
mail<\/code><\/div>\n
uucp<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{print $1}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528-F\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code><\/div>\n
shutdown<\/code><\/div>\n
halt<\/code><\/div>\n
mail<\/code><\/div>\n
uucp<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{FS=\":\"}{print $1}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4f7f\u7528BEGIN\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code><\/div>\n
shutdown<\/code><\/div>\n
halt<\/code><\/div>\n
mail<\/code><\/div>\n
uucp<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

5\u3001Empty(\u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f)\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u8f93\u5165\u884c\uff1b<\/p>\n

7.2 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684Action
\n1\u3001Expressions:
\n2\u3001Control statements
\n3\u3001Compound statements
\n4\u3001Input statements
\n5\u3001Output statements<\/p>\n

\/\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\/\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u96c6\u3002
\n\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5982$2>$1\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u957f\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a
\n\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8be5\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u62ecBEGIN\u548cEND\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\nBEGIN\uff1a\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8f93\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
\nEND\uff1a\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u8f93\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b \u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a
\n8.1 if-else
\n\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aif (condition) {then-body} else {[ else-body ]}
\n\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n
18<\/div>\n
19<\/div>\n
20<\/div>\n
21<\/div>\n
22<\/div>\n
23<\/div>\n
24<\/div>\n
25<\/div>\n
26<\/div>\n
27<\/div>\n
28<\/div>\n
29<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{if ($1==\"root\") print $1, \"Admin\"; else print $1, \"Common User\"}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5224\u65ad\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662froot\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u662fadmin\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u663e\u793a\u662fcommon user\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
root Admin<\/code><\/div>\n
bin Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
adm Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
lp Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code> Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
shutdown<\/code> Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
halt Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{if ($1==\"root\") printf \"%-15s%s\\n\", $1,\"Admin\"; else printf \"%-15s%s\\n\", $1, \"Common User\"}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528printf\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5b9a\u4e49\u663e\u793a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f<\/code><\/div>\n
root\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Admin<\/code><\/div>\n
bin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
adm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
lp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
shutdown<\/code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
halt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
mail\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
uucp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Common User<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: -v sum=0 '{if ($3>=400) sum++}{if ($3>=400) printf \"%-15s%i\\n\",$1,$3}END{print \"Sum = \"sum;}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cfsum=0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u5982\u679cUID\u5927\u4e8e400\uff0c\u8ba9sum\u81ea\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679cUID\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e400\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5176\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548cUID\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\u8f93\u51fasum\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/div>\n
rtkit\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 499<\/code><\/div>\n
pulse\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 498<\/code><\/div>\n
saslauth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 497<\/code><\/div>\n
nfsnobody\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 65534<\/code><\/div>\n
nginx\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 496<\/code><\/div>\n
mysql\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 495<\/code><\/div>\n
wpuser\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 494<\/code><\/div>\n
Sum = 7<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n8.2 while
\n\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a while (condition){statement1; statment2; …}<\/div>\n
\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
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18<\/div>\n
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21<\/div>\n
22<\/div>\n
23<\/div>\n
24<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: -v i=1 '{while (i<=7) {print $i;i++}}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4f7f\u7528-v\u9009\u9879\u663e\u793a\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cfi=1\uff0c\u5f53i\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e7\u65f6\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5230\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f53i\u4e3a7\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u76847\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
0<\/code><\/div>\n
0<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
\/root<\/code><\/div>\n
\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{i=1;while (i<=3) {print $i;i++}}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cfi\uff0c\u5148\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5f53i\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
0<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
1<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
2<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
3<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
4<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

8.3 do-while
\n\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a do {statement1, statement2, …} while (condition)<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
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10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{i=1;do {print $i;i++}while(i<=3)}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u610f\u4e49\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u867d\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0ewhile\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cdo-while\u662f\u5148\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u8d9f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u8d9f\uff1b\u800cwhile\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u8d9f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
0<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
1<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
2<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
3<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
4<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

8.4 for
\n\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a for ( variable assignment; condition; iteration process) { statement1, statement2, …}<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
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5<\/div>\n
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10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{for(i=1;i<=3;i++) print $i}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5404\u884c\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code><\/div>\n
root<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
0<\/code><\/div>\n
bin<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
1<\/code><\/div>\n
daemon<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
2<\/code><\/div>\n
adm<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
3<\/code><\/div>\n
lp<\/code><\/div>\n
x<\/code><\/div>\n
4<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

for\u5faa\u73af\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff1a
\n\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a for (i in array) {statement1, statement2, …}<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '$NF!~\/^$\/{BASH[$NF]++}END{for(A in BASH){printf \"%15s:%i\\n\",A,BASH[A]}}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5339\u914d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u7a7a\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f53\u505a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5404\u4e0b\u6807\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ca\u5404\u4e0b\u6807\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5404\u4e0b\u6807\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\/bin\/sync<\/code>:1<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>:4<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>:29<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\/sbin\/halt<\/code>:1<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\/sbin\/shutdown<\/code>:1<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

8.5 case
\n\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aswitch (expression) { case VALUE or \/REGEXP\/: statement1, statement2,… default: statement1, …}<\/p>\n

8.6 break \u548c continue
\n\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5faa\u73af\u6216case\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d<\/p>\n

8.7 next
\n\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u5bf9\u672c\u884c\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u7740\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u5176ID\u53f7\u4e3a\u5947\u6570\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk -F: '{if($3%2==0) next;print $1,$3}' \/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #UID\u53f7\u5bf92\u53d6\u4f59\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548cUID\u53f7\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
bin 1<\/code><\/div>\n
adm 3<\/code><\/div>\n
sync<\/code> 5<\/code><\/div>\n
halt 7<\/code><\/div>\n
operator 11<\/code><\/div>\n
gopher 13<\/code><\/div>\n
nobody 99<\/code><\/div>\n
dbus 81<\/code><\/div>\n
usbmuxd 113<\/code><\/div>\n
vcsa 69<\/code><\/div>\n
rtkit 499<\/code><\/div>\n
saslauth 497<\/code><\/div>\n
postfix 89<\/code><\/div>\n
abrt 173<\/code><\/div>\n
rpcuser 29<\/code><\/div>\n
mysql 495<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e5d awk\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4
\n9.1 \u6570\u7ec4
\narray[index-expression]
\nindex-expression\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u65f6\uff0cawk\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u6b64\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e32\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528index in array\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a
\nfor (var in array) { statement1, … }
\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cvar\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u503c\uff1b
\n\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
netstat<\/code> -ant | <\/code>awk<\/code> '\/^tcp\/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'<\/code><\/div>\n
\u6bcf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u88ab\/^tcp\/\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4S[$NF]\u5c31\u52a01\uff0cNF\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7528\u5176\u503c\u505a\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4S\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk '{IP[$1]++}END{for (A in IP) printf \"%-20s%s\\n\",A,IP[A]}' \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u67d0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dIP\u5730\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf<\/code><\/div>\n
172.16.32.30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3<\/code><\/div>\n
172.16.32.50\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 31596<\/code><\/div>\n
172.16.32.52\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 408<\/code><\/div>\n
192.168.0.239\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1886<\/code><\/div>\n
172.16.32.0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1010<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{A[\"m\"]=\"hello\";A[\"n\"]=\"world\";print A[\"m\"],A[\"n\"]}'\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/div>\n
hello world<\/code><\/div>\n
[root@www ~]<\/code># awk 'BEGIN{A[\"m\"]=\"hello\";A[\"n\"]=\"world\";for (B in A) print A[B]}'\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u628aB\u5f53\u505a\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/div>\n
hello<\/code><\/div>\n
world<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

9.2 \u5220\u9664\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf
\n\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528delete\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a
\ndelete \u00a0array[index]<\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001awk\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570
\nsplit(string, array [, fieldsep [, seps ] ])
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5c06string\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4ee5fieldsep\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5206\u9694\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3array\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff1b\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807\u4e3a\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
netstat<\/code> -ant | <\/code>awk<\/code> '\/:22\\>\/{split($5,clients,\":\");IP[clients[1]]++}END{for(i in IP){print IP[i],i}}'<\/code> | <\/code>sort<\/code> -rn | <\/code>head<\/code> -50\u00a0 <\/code>#\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n

length([string])
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u8fd4\u56destring\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff1b
\nsubstr(string, start [, length])
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53d6string\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\uff0c\u4ecestart\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53d6length\u4e2a\uff1bstart\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff1b
\nsystem(command)
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edfcommand\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3awk\u547d\u4ee4
\nsystime()
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4
\ntolower(s)
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5c06s\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199
\ntoupper(s)
\n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5c06s\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5927\u5199<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570
\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528function\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\nfunction F_NAME([variable])
\n{
\nstatements
\n}<\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528return\u8bed\u53e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201creturn value\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2a\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5173\u4e8eawk\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u987a\u4fbf\u7ed9\u51fa\u51e0\u4e2a\u597d\u73a9\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528awk\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e58\u6cd5\u53e3\u8bc0\uff0c\u725b\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5c0f\u83dc\u4e00\u789f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u83dc\u9e1f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c31\u8be5\u6293\u8033\u6320\u816e\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0a\u7f51\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u3002\u5148\u9644\u4e0a\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u6253\u5370\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

1\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u53e3\u8bc0<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
vim cfkj.sh\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>#\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/code><\/div>\n
#!\/bin\/awk -f<\/code><\/div>\n
BEGIN{<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>for<\/code> (i=1;i<=9;i++)<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>{<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>for<\/code> (m=1;m<=i;m++)<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>{<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>printf<\/code> m<\/code>\"*\"<\/code>i<\/code>\"=\"<\/code>m*i<\/code>\"\u00a0 \"<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>print<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>2\u3001\u6253\u5370\u56fe\u6848<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8c2d\u6d69\u5f3a\u7248\u7684C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e1b\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fe\u6848\u7b49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u50cf\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f7f\u5404\u884c\u3001\u5404\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e4b\u548c\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u56fe\u6807\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u4f60\u7528awk\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528awk\u6253\u5370\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6848\u3002<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0*
\n***
\n*****
\n*******<\/div>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6253\u5370\u6b64\u56fe\u6848\u3002<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
awk<\/code> 'BEGIN {for(i=1;i<=4;i++) {for(j=1;j<=10-i;j++) {printf \" \";}for(j=1;j<=(2*i-1);j++) {printf \"*\";}printf \"\\n\";}}'<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6253\u5370\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u79f0\u56fe\u5f62
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u96be\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u597d\u73a9\uff0c\u5c31\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u663e\u793a\u6548\u679c\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u540a\u5404\u4f4d\u80c3\u53e3\u4e86\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
echo<\/code> 15|<\/code>awk<\/code> '{x=8;<\/code>for<\/code>(i=1;i<$0;i++){<\/code>for<\/code>(j=1;j<=3*($0-i)-(x>0?x:0);j++)<\/code>printf<\/code>\" \"<\/code>;<\/code>for<\/code>(k=i;k>=1;k--)<\/code>printf<\/code>\"%d \"<\/code>,k;<\/code>for<\/code>(l=2;l<=i;l++)<\/code>printf<\/code>\"%d \"<\/code>,l;<\/code>printf<\/code>\"\\n\"<\/code>;x--};\\<\/code><\/div>\n
for<\/code>(i=1;i<=$0;i++){<\/code>for<\/code>(j=1;j<=(i<=$0-10+1?3*(i-1):3*(i-1)+2-(i-$0%10-10*int(($0-10)<\/code>\/10<\/code>)));j++)<\/code>printf<\/code>\" \"<\/code>;<\/code>for<\/code>(k=$0-i+1;k>=1;k--)<\/code>printf<\/code>\"%d \"<\/code>,k;<\/code>for<\/code>(l=2;l<=$0-i+1;l++)<\/code>printf<\/code>\"%d \"<\/code>,l;<\/code>printf<\/code>\"\\n\"<\/code>}}'<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u672c\u6587\u51fa\u81ea \u201c\u547c\u4f26\u8d1d\u5c14\u2014\u5199\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u8def\u4e0a<\/a>\u201d \u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u51fa\u5904http:\/\/lq2419.blog.51cto.com\/1365130\/1238880<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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